Name _____________________________

DNA Fingerprinting

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sheppard/analyze.html

Objective: Students will learn the steps of DNA fingerprinting by creating a fingerprint in a virtual lab. They will use this fingerprint to solve a virtual crime. The virtual lab is interactive and goes through the step-by-step process of DNA fingerprinting
Create a DNA Fingerprint ( http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sheppard/analyze.html )

Introduction:

1. DNA is unique for everyone. The only exception is if a person has what?

identical twins.

2. What are DNA fingerprints used for?

they are used to identify people, and for blood testing, like in a crime scene.


Part 1 “It Takes a Lickin”

3. What “crime” was committed?

someone ate the holographic lollipop.


4. What bodily fluid was removed from the “crime scene” to get DNA?

saliva


Part 2 “DNA Fingerprinting at the NOVA Lab”

5. What does a restriction enzyme do?

They cut the DNA into pieces.

6. What is agarose gel?

It is a slimy, JEllo-like gel that allows smaller DNA pieces to go through it quicker.

7. What is electrophoresis?

It moves molecules with an electric current.

8. Smaller fragments of DNA move ____________ than longer strands?

faster

9. Why do you need to place a nylon membrane over the gel?

To allow to move the DNA because the gel is hard to work with.

10. Probes attach themselves to __________

The complementary DNA

11. Which chemical in your “virtual lab” is radioactive?

The probes.

12. Sketch your DNA fingerprint.

3 thin lines, 2 blocks, 4 thin lines, 1 block, 1 thin line, 1 block


13. Based on your DNA fingerprint, who licked the lollipop?

Honey

 

Click on the Link “DNA Workshop” (if this link won't load, scroll down to the bottom where it says "try the non-java script version)
Once you’re there, go to the link “DNA Workshop Activity” and practice with DNA replication and protein synthesis.

Browse the DNA Workshop site.


14. What kinds of things could you do at the DNA workshop?

 
Replicate DNA, transcribe DNA to mRNA, and translate mRNA to proteins, which then creates a polypeptide.
 

Find an Article about DNA

Go to http://www.thegenesite.com/

15. Read an article about genetics at this site that you might find interesting, or use the "Search" box in the upper right hand corner to search for DNA fingerprinting.

Title of Article DNA Fingerprinting Author and Date WebMD, april, 2009

Summarize what the article was about. Write this in a paragraph format.

This article is about the health ramifications of DNA fingerprinting and why you would. You would to identify a body, test relation with thought parents, or to solve a crime. You may not be able to if you have had a blood transfusion in the past 3 months. To get this done, blood will be extracted from a vein. Minor discomfort may be experienced. Also, healthy tissue will help the clarity of the tests.
 

 

 

On the left side of the screen is a navigation bar, click on the link to “MITOSIS” Read the text on this page and view the animation, you can slow down the video by clicking step by step through the phases.


1. Which stage does the following occur
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes prophase
Chromosomes align in center of cell. metaphase
Longest part of the cell cycle. anaphase
Nuclear envelope breaks down. prophase
Cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells. cytokinesis
Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles. telophase
Watch the video carefully.

2. The colored chromosomes represent chromatids. There are two of each color because one is an exact duplicate of the other.

--How many chromosomes are visible at the beginning of mitosis? 92

-- How many are in each daughter cell at the end of mitosis? 46

--The little green T shaped things on the cell are: centrioles

-- What happens to the centrioles during mitosis? they go to the poles and connect all the spindle fibers to the chromosomes.

3 . Identify the stages of these cells:
Metaphase
Anaphase
Interphase

Another Mitosis Animation

Go to www.johnkyrk.com/mitosis.html

View the animation and sketch the cell in:
Prophase

nucleolus disappears then the centrioles go to the poles. after that, long green fibers called spindle fibers spread to the chromosomes.



Metaphase

the spindle fibers disconnect the the sister chromosomes at the centromere, then take the chromosomes to the centrioles.


Telophase

While the spindle fibers dissolve, two nuclei form at both sides. Then, the cells finally disconnect, and a new membrane forms.

Number, % of Cells:

Interphase: 20, 56%
Prophase: 10, 28%
Metaphase: 3, 8%
Anaphase: 2, 6%
Telophase: 1, 3%

Whitefish

View 1: Telophase
View 2: Metaphase
View 3: Interphase
View 4: Anaphase
View 5:

Onion

View 1: Anaphase
View 2: Metaphase
View 3: Prophase
View 4: Interphase
View 5: Anaphase

Mendel's Experiments

First, I cross-hybradized the first and fifth parents, 2nd and 3rd, 2nd and 4th, 3rd and 4th, and the 1st and 3rd. In a lot of these experiments, the traits that made that plant stand out did not pass on completely. Obviously, their must have been an influence from the recessive traits in that plant.

Althoguh, some of the plants must have not been cross-hybridized before because they produced the same trait as their other plant.

As I look at pedigrees, I realize the dominancy of certain traits, but also the weaker, but still dominant, traits. For example, the pea shape of round was dominant at a ratio of 3:2, while purple to white, purple was dominant 10:0.

Pea Color: Yellow: White
10:0
10:0
10:0
10:0
10:0
3:2

Pea Shape: Round: Wrinkled
10:0
3:2
1:1
10:0
10:0
1:9

Pod Shape: Inflated: Constricted

10:0
10:0
10:0
3:2
3:7
2:3

Pod Color Green: Yellow

1:1
3:2
10:0
4:1
10:0
10:0

Flower Color: Purple: White

7:3
1:1
10:0
1:1
10:0
10:0

Plant Size: Tall: Dwarf

10:0
3:7
1:1
10:0
10:0
9:1

Flower Position: Axial: Terminal

10:0
10:0
10:0
10:0
10:0
7:3